Large-Eddy Simulation of Combustion Dynamics of Lean-Premixed Swirl-Stabilized Combustor

Nomenclature CR,CI = empirical constants C = speed of sound, m/s D = Van-Driest damping function E = specific total energy f = frequency, Hz G = level-set variable hf,i = heat of formation of species i at reference condition k = turbulent kinetic energy lF = laminar flame thickness, m l = inner-layer flame thickness, m n = unit vector normal to flame front p = pressure Pr = Prandtl number q = rate of heat release per unit volume R = gas constant e = real part of a complex variable Rc = radius of combustor chamber Rh = radius of center body (inner radius of inlet annulus) Rn = outer radius of inlet annulus S = flame speed, or swirl number Sij = strain-rate tensor Sr = strouhal number ui = velocity, m/s u = friction velocity, m/s Yi = mass fraction of species i y = normalized distance from wall = ratio of specific heats = filter width ij = Kronecker delta = Kolmogorov length scale, m = phase angle = dynamic viscosity, kg/ms = density, kg/m